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Dropbear/SSH密钥

2023-04-25 分类：Linux服务器 阅读(77) 评论(0)

ssh使用的是RSA的非对称加密,非对称加密是指加密和解密用的密钥不一样,分为公钥和私钥,公钥可以公开是放在服务器端的,私钥是需要妥善保管的
一,OpenSSH密钥
在Linux可以用ssh-keygen创建密钥对,可以创建2种格式rsa,dsa,选择rsa就可以了

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C "ssh_test"
私钥 如下格式:
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAABFwAAAAdzc2gtcn
........................................
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

公钥*.pub如下格式:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nza...... ssh_test

将公钥pub追加到服务器: echo *.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
正常情况下服务器的.ssh文件夹下只有authorized_keys和know_hosts2个文件
私钥private放到本地跟人文件夹.ssh 这个随便
丢失了公钥,可以根据私钥产生公钥:ssh-keygen -y -f privatekey

二,Dropbear密钥

dropbear 密钥和电脑普通密钥格式不太一样,必须使用dropbearkey命令生成私钥,然后生成公钥:dropbearkey -y -f <私钥>| grep “^ssh-rsa ” > <公钥>

注意dropbear的密钥是二进制的,密钥产生:
dropbearkey -t rsa -f /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key  //这个路径要跟dropbear启动命令相符
由密钥获取公钥:
dropbearkey  -y -f /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key |grep '^ssh'>dropbear.pub //这个公钥需要追加到/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat dropbear.pub >/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
由于dropbear的密钥和普通ssh密钥不能格式不一致需要将dropbear格式转成openssh
dropbearconvert  dropbear openssh /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key    dropbearOpensshPrivateKey //这个就是Xshell支持的私钥格式了
//在Ubuntu中,拷贝密钥
cp dropbearOpensshPrivateKey ~/.ssh/
sudo chmod 600 ~/.ssh/dropbearOpensshPrivateKey  //特别注意Linux对私钥的权限要求不能太开放,也就是说如果私钥权限是777 Linux会认为这个私钥不能用

特别注意在嵌入式设备里要注意 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys的所有者必须为root
三,记录一次Dropbear移植
移植的对象是一个嵌入式系统,他的文件系统只有/customer是可以断电保存的,这就有一个问题,dropbear是默认读取/etc/dropbear的密钥的.如果/etc/dropbear不存在即使”-R”选项存在他无法创建密钥,操作步骤:

①将装有dropbear所有文件的文件夹考入到Upan,Upan目录是这样子:

lee@MRZ:/samba/dropbear$ tree ./
./
├── 1205addssh.sh  //在嵌入式运行这个脚本可以自动部署环境
├── 说明.txt
├── dropbear  //dropbear服务程序
├── dropbearOpensshPrivateKey //dropbear 密钥openssh格式
├── dropbear.pub //dopbear公钥 要cat dropbear.pub >/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
├── dropbear_rsa_host_key  //dropbear运行 -r 指定的rsa密钥
├── known_hosts
├── libutil.so.1 //dropbear依赖的库文件
└── rsync

②将Upan挂载到嵌入式系统,运行1205addssh.sh

lee@MRZ:/samba/dropbear$ tree ./
#!/bin/sh
mkdir -p /customer/dropbear  //用来存放drop所需要的所有文件,每次开机的时候拷贝到相应的目录
cp ./libutil.so.1 /customer/qt5lib/
cp dropbear dropbear_rsa_host_key dropbear.pub known_hosts rsync /customer/dropbear
mkdir -p /root/.ssh
cat </customer/dropbear/startdropbear.sh //创建启动dropbear脚本
#!/bin/sh
ifconfig eth0 192.168.10.112 netmask 255.255.255.0 //ip配置
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up
mkdir -p /root/.ssh
mkdir -p /etc/dropbear
cp /customer/dropbear/rsync /bin/  //QtCreator 在ssh链接需要rsync程序或者ftp服务
cp /customer/dropbear/dropbear.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys //公钥 但是一直没有调通
cp /customer/dropbear/known_hosts /root/.ssh/ //这个没啥用感觉
echo  "root:qowscY2UPzRlc:0:0:Linux User,,,:/home/root:/bin/sh" >/etc/passwd //因为不能设置key登录,所以设置root密码为1
chmod 655 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 655 /root/.ssh/known_hosts
cp /customer/dropbear/*_key /etc/dropbear  //件rsa密钥放到 dropbear的默认目录
/customer/dropbear/dropbear -RE  //启动Dropbear,-R 按需创建密钥,-E将错误日志打印到stderr
EOF
chmod +x /customer/dropbear/startdropbear.sh
cat </customer/demo.sh
if [ -f "/tmp/demorun" ];then
  exit 0
fi
echo 111 >/tmp/demorun
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/cifs.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/grace.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/sunrpc.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/lockd.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/vfat.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/libphy.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/sstar_100_phy.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/fixed_phy.ko
insmod /config/modules/4.9.84/of_mdio.ko
# kernel_mod_list

major=`cat /proc/devices | busybox awk "\\\==\""mi"\" {print \\\}"\n`
minor=`ls -l /dev/mi_* | grep "^c" | wc -l`
let minor--
mkdir /lib/firmware
cp /customer/bluetooth/firmware/* /lib/firmware/

insmod /customer/modules/kdrv_emac.ko

insmod /customer/modules/8723du.ko 
insmod /customer/modules/llc.ko 
insmod /customer/modules/stp.ko 
insmod /customer/modules/bridge.ko

insmod /customer/modules/bluetooth.ko
insmod /customer/modules/rfcomm.ko
insmod /customer/modules/rtk_btusb.ko

mkdir /var/tmp
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
ifconfig lo up
#ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.136
#ifconfig eth0 up

# tslib environment
export TSLIB_ROOT=/customer/tslib
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event0
#export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/customer/pointercal
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/etc/ts.conf
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=$TSLIB_ROOT/ts
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0
export QWS_MOUSE_PROTO="tslib:/dev/input/event0 MouseMan:/dev/input/mouse1"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/customer/qt5lib:$TSLIB_ROOT:/lib:/customer/sqlite3lib

#QT
export QT_QPA_FB_TSLIB=1
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:fb=/dev/fb0:mmsize=150*95
export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=evdevmouse:/dev/input/event2
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=/customer/qt5lib/plugins
export QT_QPA_FONTDIR=/customer/front
chmod 777 /customer/bin/*
chmod 777 /customer/MH1205/*

if [ -e "/dev/sda1" ]; then
	mkdir -p /vendor/usbdisk
	mount -rw -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/sda1 /vendor/usbdisk
	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
		rmdir /vendor/usbdisk
		echo "demo mount usb disk /dev/sda1 failed!" > /dev/console
	else
		echo "demo mount usb disk sucessfully!" > /dev/console
	fi
else
	if [ -e "/dev/sda" ] ; then
		mkdir -p /vendor/usbdisk
		mount -rw -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/sda /vendor/usbdisk
		if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
			rmdir /vendor/usbdisk
			echo "demo mount usb disk /dev/sda failed!" > /dev/console
		else
			echo "demo mount usb disk sucessfully!" > /dev/console
		fi
	else
		echo "demo no usb insert" > /dev/console
	fi
fi

if [ -e "/dev/mmcblk0p1" ] ; then
	mkdir -p /vendor/sdcard
	mount -rw -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/mmcblk0p1 /vendor/sdcard
	if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
		rmdir /vendor/sdcard
		echo "demo mount sd disk /dev/mmcblk0p1 failed!" > /dev/console
	else
		echo "demo mount sd disk sucessfully!" > /dev/console
	fi
else
	if [ -e "/dev/mmcblk0" ] ; then
		mkdir -p /vendor/sdcard
		mount -rw -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/mmcblk0 /vendor/sdcard
		if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
			rmdir /vendor/sdcard
			echo "demo mount sd disk /dev/mmcblk0 failed!" > /dev/console
		else
			echo "demo mount sd disk sucessfully!" > /dev/console
		fi
	else
		echo "demo no sd insert" > /dev/console
	fi
fi

killall disp_init_app
killall app_boot
killall MH1205

/customer/bin/disp_init_app &
if [ -e "/vendor/usbdisk/upgrade/tft_calibrate" ] ; then         
	sleep 1                                            
	echo 100 >/sys/class/pwm/pwmchip0/pwm0/duty_cycle             
	ts_calibrate                                                         
	sync                                                           
else                                                                     
	echo "no tft_calibrate " > /dev/console                                     
fi 
#/customer/MH1201/MH1201 -platform linuxfb:fb=/dev/fb0:mmsize=120x200:rotation=270 &
/customer/dropbear/startdropbear.sh
EOF
chmod +x /customer/demo.sh

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